Globally, the burden of suicide remains high. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 720,000 people die by suicide each year; for each suicide, there are an estimated 20 suicide attempts. In 2021, suicide was the third leading cause of death among 15–29-year-olds worldwide.

A broader global analysis of self-harm trends (1990–2021) showed self-harm remains a major public-health problem across regions, particularly among adolescents and young adults (20–29 years). Meanwhile a 2024 study reporting on mortality in children aged 10–14 found that in 2019 some 8,327 children in that age group died by suicide globally, a mortality rate of 1.30 per 100,000.

So what is driving the crisis among Gen Z? According to the Guardian, young people report skyrocketing levels of mental ill-health, one in three now report symptoms such as depression, anxiety or sleep difficulties, up from one in four in 2000. Experts point to a pattern of pressures: economic instability, rising cost of living, uncertain job prospects, social upheaval, including the effects of global conflicts, existential stress from climate change, disrupted schooling and social life during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the omnipresence of smartphones and social media.

Moreover, research suggests that many suicide attempts among adolescents are not simply the result of chronic mental illness, but impulsive reactions to overwhelming stress. According to WHO, triggers such as loneliness, relationship breakdown, abuse, financial hardship, discrimination or crisis events (like family violence) play a major role. A data-driven study of adolescent behaviour (1999–2017) identified several risk factors for suicide attempts: persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness; school-related pressures (safety concerns, bullying, fighting); early sexual activity; substance use; lack of support; and belonging to a marginalized group.

The Guardian reports that the recent global analysis, flagged by the 2025 Global Burden of Disease Study, warns that while overall mortality is declining worldwide, the death rate among teenagers and young adults has not improved. For many in Gen Z, then, self-harm and suicidal behaviour remain an urgent public-health emergency.

As the Guardian notes, this is not about blaming an entire generation as “fragile.” Rather, it underlines the need for systemic, compassionate responses: stronger mental-health services, early intervention in schools and communities, safe online spaces, and social safety nets that respond to the unique pressures facing young people today.